Which process involves resolving disputes by making a final decision after hearing both sides?

Adjudication is the correct answer because it is the formal legal process through which a neutral third party, typically a judge or an administrative law officer, makes a binding decision on a dispute after hearing evidence and arguments from both parties involved. This process is characterized by its structured nature, where proceedings follow specific rules of evidence and procedure to ensure fairness and impartiality. The outcome is legally enforceable, meaning that the decision reached in adjudication is final and must be adhered to by the parties.

In contrast, negotiation involves the parties directly communicating and attempting to reach a mutually acceptable agreement without third-party intervention, which means no final decision is imposed externally. Facilitation also involves a third party, but rather than making a decision, the facilitator helps the parties communicate and reach an agreement on their own. Judicial review refers to the process by which courts examine the actions of administrative agencies or lower courts to ensure they comply with legal standards, and does not involve resolving disputes between parties in the same manner that adjudication does.