What does a judgment in court signify?

A judgment in court signifies the court's decision that resolves the issues between the parties involved in the litigation. This decision is typically made after the presentation of evidence and arguments by both sides. The judgment lays out the court's findings of fact, conclusions of law, and the specific remedy or relief ordered by the court. This can include awards for damages, injunctions, or declaratory relief, thereby formally concluding the legal dispute and providing a binding resolution enforceable by law.

In contrast, initiating a lawsuit does not represent a resolution of the issues, but rather the commencement of legal proceedings. A settlement out of court, while it can resolve the dispute, is not a judgment and happens without a court decision. The appointment of a mediator is a step toward resolution but does not, by itself, signify any decisions on the case. Thus, option C correctly identifies the essence of a judgment in court as the definitive resolution of the issues between the parties.