What characterizes the adjudication phase in dispute resolution?

The adjudication phase in dispute resolution is defined by the process where decisions are formally made regarding a dispute. This phase follows the examination of evidence, arguments presented by the parties involved, and potentially the application of law by the adjudicator. During this stage, the adjudicator, who could be a judge or an arbitrator, takes all relevant information into account to issue a binding decision that resolves the dispute.

In contrast to other phases of dispute resolution—like initial discussions or informal mediation—adjudication is more structured and is typically characterized by its formal process and definitive outcomes. Mediation, for example, is a collaborative and informal process aimed at reaching a mutually agreeable solution, which differs significantly from the authoritative decision-making that occurs in adjudication. Furthermore, while the attendance of a judge may be necessary in some contexts, it is not a defining feature of all adjudications, as arbitration can also serve as a method of adjudication without a judge. Therefore, the defining feature of adjudication is the issuance of a decision based on the merits of the case.